Assignment's Blog: Paper No-1 The Metaphysical poetry

Paper I: Renaissance Literature

Topic:

Write a note on: The Metaphysical poetry - Johan Donne

Name: Sagarkumar G. Ladhva

Roll No: 28

Enrollment No:14101022

Semester: I

Year: 2014-16

Department: M.A. English department

Submitted To: Dr. Prof. Dilip Barad
(Head of English Dept.M. K. S. Bhavnagar University)

Preface:

The Poetry understanding very hard and many Difficulties of their poet speak this poem and his than compression of that thinking way and good or bad position. The Metaphysical poetry may be explained to sum idea of topic to below:

Definition of Metaphysical poetry
Characterizes of Metaphysical poetry
Example of some metaphysical poetry
Johan Donne Life & work
Summary of Johan Donne Most famous Poet.

The Metaphysical School of Poet

DEFENITION OF METAPHYSICAL POETRY:

According to Oxford Dictionary : “A group of 17^th –century poets whose work is characterized by the use of complex and elaborate images or conceits. typically using an intellectual from of argumentation to express emotional states. Members of the group include Johan Donne, Herbert Henry Vaughan and Andrew Marvell.”

A group of poets emerged and the beginning of 17^th century. This Poetry came to know as the Metaphysical poetry. Generally Metaphysical Poetry is time duration of Puritan age. It was Dr. Samuel Johnson to while writing on the life of Abraham Cowley (1618-1667).In his work “Lives of the most Eminent English poets ’’ Commented extanstansly from the poetry of Donne. And his followers calling it to Metaphysical poetry. When Dr.Johnson identify it as metaphysical Tone. It was derogatory because Dr. Johnson wanted to critics it by giving it the name of Metaphysical poetry. The passing of time the same terms became and applause for the poetry of Donne and his follower’s .Samuel Johnson has highlighted many feature of Metaphysical poetry. Those features are as under:

(1) John Donne and his followers made a concisions attempt to differ of the previous the Elizabethan Age. The style of writing poetry and the use of images made by the Elizabethan. There no expectable to metaphysical poet. The Metaphysical differ by deplaning their and scholarship in their poets. They were higher learning and they pride to prove the learning through that poetry. One critic name Helen C. White To explains physical to differ the previous poetry. Had the continued to writing poetry in the same manner as the Elizabethan’s. They would have been rejected by the readers. So was a logical and necessary thought for the metaphysical to dissimilar previous poets.

(2) Almost all metaphysical poet made and attempt to displays their learning by making use of far-fetched images to connects. They did not depend upon easily available. They brought that imagines from various filled just like Science, Emerging, and Arithmetic, Geography, Geometry, Agriculture and many other fields. This poems like

A. ‘Pulley’

B. ‘The church porch’

C. ‘To his coy mistress’

D. ‘The sun rising

(3) Dr. Samuel Johnson explains that their poetry stands a trial of their figure but not ear – The meaning is of all the metaphysical are scholarship in the writing of their poetry but there is no rhyme and rhythm in the metaphysical poetry. They didn’t care for Music; so much as they came for Scholarship in the writing of their poems.

The metaphysical poetry created a new trend at writing poetry but even this trend didn’t continue for a long time. Robert Southwell was the first poet in whose poetry metaphysical elements were found. Johan Donne followed it and became the founder of ‘The Metaphysical school’ poets like--George Hebert, Richard Crashaw, Abraham Cowley, Andrew Marvel ,Henry Vaughan, Thomas Carew And other follow the metaphysical style but with Restoration of Charles – II in 1606.The metaphysical school delinked the theater were re-opened and once again theatrical activity began.

CHARACTERS OF METAPHYSICAL POETRY:

The metaphysical poems have been written following some chief characteristics. Such as:

1. Use of ordinary speech mixed with puns, paradoxes and conceit

A paradoxical metaphor causing a shock to the reader by the strangeness of the objects compared; some examples: lovers and a compass, the soul and timber, the body and mind.

2. The exaltation of wit, which in the 17th century meant a nimbleness of thought; a sense of fancy (imagination of a fantastic or Fanciful nature); and originality in figures of speech.

3. Abstruse terminology often drawn from science or law.

4. Often poems are presented in the form of an argument.

5. In love poetry, the metaphysical poets often draw on ideas from Renaissance Neo-Platonism to show the relationship between the soul and body and the union of lovers' souls.

6. They also try to show a psychological realism when describing the tensions of love.

7. They also try to show a psychological realism when describing the tensions of love.

8. Irregular liens and Stanzas.

9. Colloquial language; Means Natural thinking.

10. Persona and situation--like dramatic monologue.

There is such a nice thinking work of the metaphysical poetry of any other poet. It is spiritual and religious thinking connects to over Logic of relationship any other thinks of reference to universal. Here this type poem what a way to use different of poetry many kind of thinking of metaphysical poet. Examine to chart with the use metaphysical Road map.

In this chart show that many idea of Metaphysical poet and many subject of constriction of Philosophical approach that good start Of There is time. There are thinking is no ordinary but differently way That such of common nature of human life.The Metaphysical poet’s show The spiritual and moral fervor of the Puritans as well as the frank amorous tendency of the Elizabethans. The metaphysical poets were men of learning to show it in rhyme, instead of writing poetry, they only wrote verses, and, very often, such verses as stood the trial of the finger better than of the ear; Here view of Direction of Metaphor and how that main theme of this poetry.

There are main points of view that metaphysical poetry is an Ethic ,Politic ,Physics and psychology .It is connect to each other. Ex. Politic and Ethic both are Metaphysics of moral or there is use of science of Virtue and Right thinking of life. Other Than Psychology and Physic is direction of Science of Mind and Body build up to Metaphysics of Nature. Here we show that two damnation is Inner and Other Two are Outer. Other Point out that there are opposite mark that is wake up to Theoretical and Particle value of our society and universal things.

This type poetry in focus’s to life and Reality of things of our society. This also use of Irony, metaphor and symbol of unique wordplay. This Poem comparison two different way to other poetry form but just metaphysical poet is own rules. They are not follow to that this rules but they use of scholar writing of poem. The metaphysical poetry language is simple. This Poem compare to various types of name and value of us religious and some other thinks of Human Nature. Here this poem understanding of our scholar inner and some intellectual thinking of mankind.

The metaphysical poet many figure of thinking on such connect to that astrology, Cosmology, Existence, and many other things provide to explain them poetry.

Here This Art way release is the substance of universe first two parts dived them. One is Abstract and other is Concrete means Hard. It under sub two pats that Animate here means quick and other is inanimate means Toneless. Last there are example of Gas, Fluid, and Solid.

EXAMPLE OF SOME METAPHYSICAL POEMS:

1. John Donne:-

The Good-Morrow The Sun Rising

The Anniversary, Death not be Proud

Sweetest love, The Dream,

The Flea, The Ecstasy

2. George Hebert: -

Jordan (I) The Pearl,

The Collar, Discipline and Love

3. Andrew Marvell: –

The Coronet Bermudas,

To His Coy Mistress The Definition of Love and The Gard

3. Henry Vaughan –

He retreat The World Man

“They Are All Gone into the World of Light"

Johan Donne Life : (1572–1631)

There are many scholars of writer of English Literature of Metaphysical Poetry but Johan Donne is Father of ‘Metaphysical school of poetry’. His very perfect use of Metaphor of Writing of Poem. He is large opportunity of some other writers and Many Poets writs of this same style. Shakespeare on that time only poetry form of some connect of life and love But this time not affect they supernatural poet. John Donne was an English poet and a Cleric in the Church of England. He is considered the pre-eminent representative of the Metaphysical Poet. Despite his great education and poetic talents, Donne lived in poverty for several years, relying heavily on wealthy friends. He spent much of the money he inherited during and after his education on womanizing, literature, pastimes, and travel.

Donne's earliest poems showed a developed knowledge of English society coupled with sharp criticism of its problems. His satires dealt with common Elizabethan topics, such as corruption in the legal system, mediocre poets, and pompous courtiers. His images of sickness, vomit, manure, and Plague reflected his strongly satiric view of a world populated by all the fools and knaves of England. His third satire, however, deals with the problem of true religion, a matter of great importance to Donne. He argued that it was better to examine carefully one's religious convictions than blindly to follow any established tradition, for none would be saved at the Final Decision, by claiming A Harry or a Martin skilled them.

Style :

During the age of the Renaissance, the poets tried to follow the conventional rules in their sonnets. They portrayed their beloveds through ornamenting conceits or metaphorical images. In Elizabethan poetry, a conceit is employed for reasons of definitions or proof. John Donne is a main representative of the Metaphysical movement. His poetry is marked by deep thinking in depicting highly emotional love. He was elaborating fantastic conceits which were a fashion of Europe at that time. T.S Eliot says "some of Donne's most successful and characteristic effects are secured by brief words and sudden contrasts.” Donne use the Collaboration many idea of religious spirituality and some Love of life thinks Represented of English literature. Poem “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning ", Donne succeeds to portray a careful logical and intellectual image that satisfies much the emotions and appeals to imagination when he compares the Unity between lovers to the legs of the compass:

“If they be two, they are two so

as stiff twin compasses are two

Thy soul the fixed foot makes no show

to move, but doth, if the other do”

Donne is considered a master of the Metaphysical Conceit, an extended metaphor that combines two vastly different ideas into a single idea, often using imagery. An example of this is his equation of lovers with saints in "The Canonization “Unlike the conceits found in other Elizabethan poetry, most notably wealthy conceits, which formed cliched comparisons between more closely related object.

Johan Done Work:

Johan done best known of metaphysical poetry:

Death Not Be Proud
Sweetest Love
The Dream
The Flea
The Ecstasy
The Sun Rising
"The Anniversary"

Johan Donne totally many Poems write of their time. Here we discus and Summarize about Some Most Notable Poem .First our discus of great Poem ‘Death be not Proud’.

1.The Flea

John Donne, the master of metaphysical poetry was written by a poem ‘The Flea’ The poet uses biological image of the flea in order to deal with the theme of ‘Love’. The speaker uses the occasion of a flea hopping from himself to a young lady as an excuse to argue that the two of them should make love. Since in the flea their blood is mixed together, he says that they have already been made as one in the body of the flea. Here the rhyme is AABBCCDDD so nicely designs. Besides, the flea pricked her and got what it wanted without having to persuade her,.

The Flea is poem about sexual desire. Moving on to the acceptation The speaker tells his beloved to look at the flea before them and to note “how little” is that thing that she denies him. For the flea, he says, has sucked first his blood, then her blood, so that now, inside the flea, they are mingled; and that mingling cannot be called “sin, or shame, or loss of maidenhead.” The flea has joined them together in a way that, “alas, is more than we would do.” As his beloved moves to kill the flea, the speaker stays her hand, asking her to spare the three lives in the flea: his life, her life, and the flea’s own life. “Cruel and sudden”, the speaker calls his lover, who has now killed the flea, “purpling” her fingernail with the “blood of innocence.”

Structure:

The word at the end of each pair of liens rhyme and the last three liens rhyme at the end of each stanza. The End sounds in first stanza are as follows:

‘is’,’is,‘ee’, ‘ee’‘aid’, ‘ead’‘oo’, ‘wo’, ‘o’, etc.

Internal rhyme:

The Flea also contains rhyme (rhyming inside one lien) for example;

‘Mark’ in the poem beginning first lien,

‘Mark but this flea, and mark in this

Language:

Look at the words used in this poem describe ‘Love’

Figure 2

Those words are not always tradition associated with love.

When this poem writing some about that using of P.E.E. How to use about using P.E.E of poem writing. You should always writing about P.E.E. formula, Make a point, find some evidence, and explain and then explain the evidence details.

Look at how Donne uses language in the poem. Make three points about the poem, select three quotations to back up your point then explain the quotations in detail.

Imagery:

Look at the imagery used in the poem. In this poem Donne 4^th lien the Image ‘in this flea our two bloods mingled be’. The poet compares sexual intercourse and marriage to a blood sucking flea that mixes the blood of two people. Here poet great image of living to live in relationship of love and experience to thought of thinking was good express to imagery.

Summary:

In ‘The flea’ Donne tries to persuade his love to have sex with him. He uses a flea and the way it sucks their both their bodies in the sexual act.In the first stanza Donne urges his girlfriend to observe a flea as it bites both of them sucks their blood. He feels that the flea commits no sin as it mixes both their blood and therefore , he says ,it would not be a sin for then the second two of them so do as the flea does.

At first he suggested that all he want is a kiss, a bit like the suck of a flea. A kiss would not be shameful , nor would it lead to his young girlfriend losing her virginity ‘maidenhead’ but it looks as if Donne’s beloved is resisting his charms due to her moral or beliefs. Donne says that it is natural for a flea to enjoy flesh and they too should enjoy each others flesh in sexual way.

In second stanza Donne implore with his to kill the flea as he says that it represents their unification. ‘This Flea is you and a mixture of their human Blood In its awn blood. He urges her to accept that the flea has married them in a physical was already. Its black skin is compared to church where the wedding ceremony has already been carried out. Donne says that she should respect the flea and what it represents: The union of their two bodies.

In the final stanza Donne is shocked when the woman kills the flea by squeezing it with her nail. Here e exchange tactics and suggests to the women that having sex is to nothing to fear and that it will be as essay as the killing of the flea.r life anyone.

In the last lien Donne argues that sleeping with him will not aftereffect life anymore than the tiny bit of blood that the flea took from her body.

2. Death be not Proud

Summary of this poem:

“Sleep is a temporary death and,

Death is a permanent sleep”

Death be not proud is one of Holy sonnets written by Johan Donne. The Present sonnet experience Donne’s View on this finally reality called Death. Every Person is generally afraid of death. But Donne is to altogether a different approach to death. The Poet addressed to death same there is no need for death to be proud. He was describing the first stanza:

Death be not proud, though some have called thee
Mighty and dreadful, for, thou art not so,

Thou some people all it very powerful and Dangerous. It is neither Powerful nor Dangerous. Death believe that it over throws when they die but in reality those people do not die forever that has know opacity killed the poet. This is how challenging the image of death is nothing but sleep and rest and so one should divide pleasure out of death.

The Poet Explain that the best of people have gone very soon eith death. So there is no need for any person to be afraid of death. Death means rest to bones and soul is divided to and in new body. Death it self slave ‘FATE’, ‘CHANCE’, ‘KING’, and ‘DESPERATE OF LIFE’. When his factors decided death lives for those places are ‘POISON’ , ‘DOST’, ‘SICKNESS’ .Death should not believe that only it can cause to sleep every poppy and Charms called sleep in better way than death. Death loses sleep of with one stroke were as poppy and charms cause sleep slowly and sweetly. In this Lien like:

“And poppie, or charmes can make us sleepe as well,
And better then thy stroake; why swell'st thou then”

Donne concluded is sonnet that death did not become Proud. This life is as a one of sleep in a sense that full of illusions but death Libras us from that illusion and we walk up forever. Donne is believed is that if death is accepted with this spirit there is no death –death is self would die.

To sum up presents an argument against the power of death. This Poem a many symbolic word use of nature, life, Metal, and Martial noun that of Poem. There are hardly any images of the "physical" world which were so used to seeing in poetry. It uses philosophical arguments, rather than descriptions of nature. But, hey, that’s not going to stop us.

3. Song: Sweetest Love , I do not go

Summary of this poem:

Sweetest love, I do not go,

For weariness of thee,

Nor in hope the world can show

A fitter love for me;

Johan Donne Poem with the title song sweetest love deals with the theme of love. The Poem is addressed by a lover to his believing it’s to want to connives his believing. The Poem opens the lovers confession that now time has come from him to go forever – not because he is tired of or find out a better person than he has to go forever because his death is very near to him.

He would to like accepts his death as a joke because whether his takes likely or seriously he has to go the lover gives a example of sun to connives to her that going away is not forever. The way the sun sets previous evening comas back to next morning.

He would like to come back the sun has no sense or no desire to come back but he has got the sense and desire to comeback and so he would come back earlier than sun. Their lover ocher’s that is desire would as the work most powerful back. The Lover is picture of human existence and Life. Man considers himself all powerful but in reality man is very weak. It is not possible for man to add even to single hour more to his life .If his passing through a state of happiness man cannot bring back and relive a part of life. Which is already left by this reality of human beings cannot stay as a long as it monster but it cannot cause pain to the reason is he is company of is believed. The lover requested to believe not to sight’s weak because when sight’s is soul comes out. When she weeps blood of life’s come out.

The lover request not to west is life this otherwise her claim that she loves him would be wrong. The best part of lovers self is in beloved. And so she should not west his life by weeping and side.

In the Last Stanza speakers good conclude of love of life thinking. This lovers addressed to his believed same that destiny will work in it’s that there is no need for believing to go very far in her thinking. If destiny fulfills her desire not to live for a long time. After his death, both should accept death as a helper which would allow both to sleep side by side in their grave. Death is not capacity to separate this is how the lover derives solace than find himself very near full death.

The present song experience Donne’s faith in love through the addressee to lover to believed. It shows the power of love and miracle which love can performance. The miracle is thus who love never die.

4. Elegy X :The Dream (1896)

® Let Discus of this poem:

*IMAGE* *of her whom I love, more than she,*
*Whose fair impression in my faithful heart*
*Makes me her medal, and makes her love me,*
*As kings do coins, to which their stamps impart*
*The value; go, and take my heart from hence,*

Johan Donne Elegy with the title ‘The Dream’ is about a lovers confession on his love for his beloved and the different between dream and reality the poem opens with comparison between the lover’s heart and coin. The poet has used image of coin for expression of love. The way of a coin is impressed With the images of the kings, The heart is impress the of the image of beloved. The way of images of king a science value to a coin her images of give a humor a important to his heart. The lovers says that only though who are weak in these spirit bother honor he does come for because he believes that her images has given owner to me.

The Lover going ahead in this confession Manson that when she goes away is resigning ends there is beginning for the emperor for fantasy. The love is opinion that fantasy cannot give him the joy of that height which real present can give. The reason is the joy of given by fantasy is convenient and proportional the real arrival has the capacity of giving joy of shock. If the lovers dreams he would like to had the dream about her real present and not just grimy about. The lovers consider sleep a great escape from pain because sleep locks the proses of thinking. Then the lover gets up after his he wake up his sleep he want rape of the end of dream.

In this last stanza very must such idea and great imagery of lover thing here I put one images this reference of this idea..

He would like to sonnets on his believing in stand of passing weakling up thought his believing. They consider himself groom with her love. He would like to be called mood in her love rather than in an idiot without love of none.

5. The Ecstacy

® Let’s Summary this poem

The Ecstasy by Johan Donne is a poem about define and spiritual experience in love. The pain of love and his beloved which we find in his poem has reached such a high of love. The poem is addressed by the lover who describes in detail the experience of ecstasy love.

Here the poem Donne is great idea of love and thinking of wonderfully explain that how do you love highly of nature and impress of life. Both the lover and his beloved set for the whole day on the bank of a river in the same manner as a bed as always a company of Pillow. These two images in the very opening of the poem qualify the present of poem as a metaphysical poem. Their hands are committed – they have set on the bank of river hand, though no words exchange between the two. Their four eyes became one and get tide up with an indivisible thread. Both realize an exchange of words between their souls though body doesn’t speak. The soul of both speak the same and listen the same and so the lovers find it difficult to realize what exactly is exchanged between the two both the knowledge that it is not love of body ,for a body. It is beloved two souls.

Those states of Ecstasy which the lover and his beloved experience here reflect Johan Donne’s knowledge about Indian philosophy and particularly ‘THE GEETA’. Johan Donne might be familiar with philosophic ‘THE GEETA’ because the way this lover describes his experience of excitements involves the philosophy of The Geeta. The Geeta explains in the very opening that soul remains an effected and nothing can hand soul. Fire cannot born it water cannot wet it and wind cannot dry it. It is everlasting and immortal. Even this lover in the poem is soul always remains effectual and since it is love between two soul nothing would harm their love seeing the love even those people weak would realize that love can hate. The loves become a divided experience. Both have come to a STAVE when they become aware of the truth that body has no signification in love. It is trough soul that love is to be express at end not to body.

Their ECSTASY makes them aware at the truth that body is their but they are not body. It is here that the meeting paint takes place between ‘THE GEETA’ and spiritual love of the lovers. The lovers considered to such a Devin experience of love is possible anything greater and higher in love to achieved. It is this experience of ECSTASY which love accepts as the happiness of god almighty.

Conclude:

In the sum up Metaphysical poets, to take the early English poet John Donne as an example, connected with very abstract philosophical questions into their poetry. This has come to be called 'metaphysical poetry.' That is not to say their poems are not still beautiful which is why John Donne is such a marvelous example - he uses rich symbolism and imagery in his poems too, which makes them superb . It is the marrying of the metaphysical and the imagery for example in the poem 'The Flea' which makes it so stunning. Metaphysical poetry deals which subjects such as Cause and Effect, the purpose of existence, searching for truth, matter and time. John Donne was able to make these subjects interesting through his clever ideas and witty ways of saying things. He used the philosophical concepts to turn an argument.

Tuesday, October 14, 2014

Paper No-1 The Metaphysical poetry - Johan Donne

A. ‘Pulley’

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