Brief Overview of Modernist Lietratuer or 20th century literature background history.

   Topic: Brief Overview of Modernist Lietratuer or 20th century literature background history.

   Paper: 09

   Paper name: Modernist  Literature

   Name: Sagarkumar G. Ladhva 

   Roll No: 25 

   Class: MA-II

   Semester: 3

   Year: 2015-16

    E.No:14101022

Submitted to: Smt. S. B. Gardi M. K.Bhavnagar University, Department of English.

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My assignment to useful .......

1.      Discuss general characteristics of the Modern Age.  (Ages, Movements & Literary Forms:)
2.      Write Brief note on: Modernism as a many ‘ismas’
3.      Write an essay on the characteristic of the age.
4.      Write about the major writer of the age.
5.      Write about the major movements of the age in brief.

 

Modernism is a comprehensive movement which began in the closing years of the 19th century and has had a wide influence internationally during much of the 20^th century. So first emerging generally question that what is modernism?  Where there begin first? Why is modernism important of literature? etc. There various question or thought arising our mind. So I think first let us discuses definition of modernism.
 Definition of Modernism:

Modernism is a literary and cultural international movement which flourished in the first decades of the 20th century. Modernism is not a term to whicha single meaning can be ascribed. It may be applied both to the content and to the form of a work, or to either in isolation. It reflects a sense of cultural crisis which was both exciting and disquieting, in that it opened up a whole new vista of human possibilities at the same time as putting into question any previously accepted means of grounding and evaluating new ideas. Modernism is marked by experimentation, particularly manipulation of form, and by the realization that knowledge is not absolute.

Here most important things is cultural movement or humane relations connected to thought to represent many of creations.some point out important is modernism movement.
Ø Modernism is a comprehensive movement which began in the closing years of the 19^th century and has had a wide influence internationally during much of the 20^th century. 

Ø  Reveals breaking away from established rules, traditions and conventions, fresh ways of looking at man’s position and function in the universe and many experiments in form and style.

Ø  It is particularly concerned with language and how to use it and with writing itself.

Ø  style or movement in the arts that aims to break with classical and traditional forms”

                              When we are understood modernism that know for history is chief  features of in those time. Usually when modernism history seen that many year confusion that what a really start them? So first we saw how to start this  age and become to develop in world history.

History:

Ø First time period of this age approximately 1890-1950.

ØSome Poets started before 1890 in the post –Romantic period.

ØSome poets continued writing major work after world war -2

ØFocused in Europe and north America.

ØThe roots of Modernism emerged in the middle of the nineteenth century; and rather locally, in France, in literature and painting.

ØMany Major element are important in modernism but word war -2 reactions is more effectively. 

 

In that two image about very vital role of history name was Fascism and Nazism. Fascism emerged country of Italia. Here most important element is Russian revolution (1917). Germany was is become went also important role of world war –II ;or world war –II  is a huge role of influence of literature writer or thinker of writing or reader.so we give need to  know some part of world war-II. 

 

ØModernism is a comprehensive movement which began in the closing years of the 19^th century and has had a wide influence internationally during much of the 20^th century. 

Øreveals breaking away from established rules, traditions and conventions, fresh ways of looking at man’s position and function in the universe and many experiments in form and style.

Ø It is particularly concerned with language and how to use it and with writing itself.

Østyle or movement in the arts that aims to break with classical and traditional forms”

When we are understood modernism that know for history is chief  features of in those time. Usually when modernism history seen that many year confusion that what a really start them? So first we saw how to start this  age and become to develop in world history.

Ø In the 1890s, a strand of thinking began to assert that it was necessary to push aside previous norms entirely, instead of simply revising past knowledge in light of current techniques.

Ø It was argued that, if the nature of reality itself was in question, and if restrictions which had been in place around human activity were falling, then art, too, would have to radically change.

ØThus, in the first 15 years of the twentieth century a series of writers, thinkers, and artists made the break with traditional means of organizing literature, painting, and music.

ØModernism enabled writers to pursue highly individualistic forms of writing.

So we called theModernism as a movement can be recognized not onlyin literature but also in :

      •      The sciences

•      Philosophy

•      Psychology 
•      Anthropology
•      Painting
•      Music
•      Sculpture
•      Architecture                                                

                    Modernism some important key of year needs to remember is very useful to knowing to history or exact time of literary writer write. I have put one image as like:

Whenever see this photography first recollect that start in 1900 or end 1950.  Remaining that world war-1 is on way that 1917 Eliot’s ‘The Hollow Men’ is released. Next we let’s see a few dates is remain for modernism.

Next we see that modernism is latterly very most important rule of imaging or many rule broke them modernist writer written.so why modernism emerged and many reason in behind them Like as :

Reasons:

 üThe horror of WW I also fed the urge for a new way to express the protest towards the social atmosphere prevalent at that time.

üRapid urbanization

üIndustrialization

üImmigration

üTechnological Evolution

üGrowth of Modern Science

üInfluence of Austrian Sigmund Freud

Influence of German Karl Marx

Modernism was built on a sense of lost community and civilization and embodied a series of contradictions and paradoxes, embraced multiple features of modern sensibility.

ØRevolution and conservatism

ØLoss of a sense of tradition

Ølamented in an extreme form of reactionary conservatism

Øcelebrated as a means of liberation from the past

ØIn short Modernism is “ a style or movement in the arts that aims to break with classical and traditional forms”

ØThis movement creates when some writers felt that they required a new form of writing to express their ideologies and outlook towards.

Ø20^th century “vision” – emphasis on how we know- on structures of perception themselves.

                                Well when meaningful understand about modernism that that time many thinkers or leader to lead his thoughts or represents that his own fillings or emotions or theory of psychoanalysis are is first time great achievements of the world. They thinkers like a below:

Leading thinkers:

Ø Physicist Planck on Quantum Theory(1900)

Ø  Philosopher Nietzsche on theWill of Power

Ø  Philosopher Bergson on the Concept of Time

ØPsychologist William James on Emotions and Inner Time

Ø  Psychologist Freud on the Unconscious(The Interpretation of Dreams, 1900)
Ø  Psychologist Jung on Collective Unconscious

Ø Linguist De Saussure on Language

ØAnthropologist Frazer on Primitive Cultures

                   

                In this leader are influenced thenumerous poet or play writer. They have various time differently use those theory. Now we lets us discuses general characteristics of modernism or early 20 th century.

Modernist Literature Art’s or Painting :

Modernist Artsiest also know to 20^th century leading of art’s. And numerous artiste present to his idea on new thinking or new way to contractions or deconstructions.Literature also reproduce them art or new creation of human philosophy or psychology relations between man or Nature. In example those time painting or art’s would become more and more popular than modernist literature.
Ø  Fauvism – Matisse

o Supremacy of colour over form

o   Interest in the primitive and the magical

ØCubism – Picasso, Braque

o   Fragmentation of objects into abstract geometric forms

Ø  Abstract paintng – Kandinsky

o   Attention to line, colour, shape as subjects of painting

Ø Vorticism – Wyndham Lewis

o   Incorporating the idea of motion and change

In upon this image is present time in coolwar in country Sriya that many pepole went out to their country for safing place in world other country. In those time one boat crowed to sea or many pepoel die.In them one very small inocent child die and his dadebody geting in seashoare. When it news on media or many country newspaper and pepole are ashming form this condation.  I put two image and you thnik that how diffent between that image.ome qustatiuon arise our minf that regareding as :

 Modnist lietrature was try to to why inonce childern die for mistake by another resoen ?

 Who speak artists through his Painting’s or Art’s?

 Thinking…………………..????????????????????

General characteristics of the Age:

                                                v Anxiety and Interrogation

v Art for Life’s Sake

v Growing interest in the poor and working classes

v Impact of Social-economic conditions on literature

v Psychology and literature

v The Impact of the two world wars

v International character of  literature

v The Influence of Radio, Cinema and Television  

                                    In all characteristics prompted to new way tradition of writing. Poetry or play a biggest impression to all other art. Poetry is divided in two way of writing as like that:

                                                       Poetry:

In this field poetry was recollected many item to represent human relation or thinking of God ,Nature, Social issue, or many other thinks Here I would like share image about Prominent  modern poets or they help for remember. 

Poetry Characteristics:

v Perspectivism

v Inner psychology of the mind

v Changes in perception of language

v Emphasis on the experimental

ØJuxtaposition

ØDiscontinues narrative

ØIntersexuality

(1)  Faulkner’s The Sound & the Fury  (Title related to shakepare'sMackbeth)

(2) Joyces’sUlysses(Title and work related The Odyessey)

v Classical allusions

v Borrowing from culture and other language

v No regular rhyming scheme

v Visual images in distinct lines

Here three very highlight because it is famous on modern time poetry feature or also put one image to intertexuality in art. 

 v MODERNISM  INCLUDES MANY “ISMS”:

Imagism: Imagism was a movement in early 20th-century Anglo-American poetry that favored precision of imagery and clear, sharp language. The Imagists rejected the sentiment and discursiveness of much Romantic and Victorian poetry. They wrote short poems that used ordinary language and free verse to create sharp, exact, concentrated pictures.

Symbolism: Symbolism in France began as a reaction against Naturalism and Realism, movements which attempted to objectively capture reality. The practice of representing things by means of symbols or of attributing symbolic meaning to objects, events or relationships.During the 20^th century the use of symbolism became a major force in British literature.  T. S. Eliot adapted it in the development of his individual style and praised it in his criticism.The most outstanding development of symbolism was in the art of the novel.

IMPRESSIONISM: The term ‘Impressionism’ comes from the school of mid- nineteenth century French painting. The impressionists made the act of perception the key for the understanding of structure of reality. They developed a technique by which objects were not seen as solids but as fragments of color which the spectator’s eye unified.It is representation of reality through impressions. I have put in image how are reflect this art with thought.

CUBISM:A 20th century art movement that inspired other art forms. In cubist artworks, objects are broken up and reassemble into an abstract form.Cubist poetry attempts to do in verse what cubist painters.o on canvas; that is, take the elements of an experience, fragment them

(“destructions”), and then rearrange them in a meaningful new synthesis (“sum of destructions”).

Here I am also put a image example of cubisme. 

DADAISM:A nihilistic art movement especially in painting that flourished in Europe early in the 20^th century.based on irrationality and negation of the  accepted laws of beauty. It is a protest against the barbarism of warthe rejection of prevailing standards of art and  ignored logical relationship between idea and  statement, argued for absolute freedom,delivered itself of numerous provocative manifestoes. I have share image exmple of dadaism. 

SURREALISM:  A 20th century aesthetic, artisticn and cultural movement developed in France that attempts to express the workings of sub-conscious mind.They focused upon using all forms of art as a means to express the real functioning of human mind.

EXISTENTIALISM:It is a concept that became popular during the Second World War in France. Existentialists believe that life is very difficult and that it doesn't have an "objective" or universally known value, but that the individual must create value by affirming it and living it, not by talking about it.

FUTURISM: In the 1920's and 1930's the term Futurism was loosely used to describe a wide variety of aggressively modern styles in art and literature.the futurists love speed, noise, machines, pollution and cities as they embraced the exciting new world that was then upon them.Futurist paintings were made to glorify life .Futurists developed to glorify urban life as well as machinery and industrialization.

Many time critic or novelist are criticies of work them togther many use of wapoen or differnce between moderanism or realism .so let see how they deffer to eachother.

So modernisme look at good way to prsent a picture of human beings with a diferently to realsime. Now see  a hugh a of wrtiter writing of play novel or poet. 

Famous Modernist Writer:

Formal features of narrative

o   Experimental nature

o   Lack of traditional chronological narrative (discontinuous narrative)

o   Break of narrative frames (fragmentation)

o   Moving from one level of narrative to another

o   A number of different narrators (multiple narrative points of view)

o   Self-reflexive about the act of writing and the nature of literature (meta-narrative)

o   Use of interior monologue technique

o   Use of the stream of consciousness technique

o   Focus on a character's consciousness and subconscious

o   Unconventional use of metaphor

o    Fragmentation 

Here one example like interior monologue of Joyse’s Ulysses:

Ø Narrated stream of consciousness often composed of different sentence types including psycho-narration and free indirect style

ØInner psychology relaity ot ‘Interiority’ represented .

ØStrem of conscioussec –portayinig  the charcter’s inner monologue

      I have share some image his help the this conceptet did esssly understood.

* Virginia Woolf :

‘To the Light House’  

Mrs. Dalloway

The waves

* D.H.lawrence:

Lady Chatterly's Lover,

Women In Love (1920)

The White Peacock

* George Orwell:

The Animal Farm

The Road to Wigan Pier

Nineteen Eight-Four

Burmese Days

Keep The Aspidistra Fiying

* G.B.Shaw:

Man and Superman

Saint Joan

The Philinder

Pygmalion

 To Sum up:

                     Modernist literature have own meaning of thier his thought and idea can be represented to his life or many other thinks.modernist writter have influnced many of invation of scienece or literature.


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